The science of Biotechnology mainly rests upon the basic principles of biology and envisages their application for developing a technology for industrial production of food, agriculture, health-care and chemical products. Research and developments in diverse fields of biology evolved molecular diagnostics, medicines, vaccines, monoclonal antibodies and ultimately the gene therapy in the sphere of health-care; hybrid seed, biopesticides, fertilizers, plant extracts in the field of Agriculture; the production of enzymes, biopolymers, biofuels and fermentation products in the Industrial sector; waste water management, bioremediation, biosensors in the sector of Environmental Biotechnology. Coupled with genomics, proteomics, structural biology and computational biology, the science of Biotechnology is going to accelerate economic growth quite dramatically in near feature. This book deals with the presentation of applications of the four pillars of biology, microbes, plants, animals and humans, from the point of view of biotechnological applications. This book is intended to serve as a textbook for undergraduates as well as postgraduates pursuing biotechnology as a career option, especially those who have not studied biology at intermediate (plus two) stage. Special Features · Covers all aspects of basic microbial, plant, animal and human biology starting from the life cycles, mode of reproduction diversity and classification. · Describes the linkage of biological principles to plant, animal, environmental, industrial and medical biotechnologies.· Discusses the basic concepts of genetics and molecular biology besides some of the technological developments in the production of biopolymers, vaccines, gene therapy, bioremediation, biofuels, biofertilizers etc.